The yellow mongoose ( Cynictis penicillata), sometimes referred to as the red meerkat, is a member of the mongoose family. It averages about in weight and about in length. It lives in open country, semi-desert scrubland and grasslands in Angola, Botswana, South Africa, Namibia, and Zimbabwe. It is the monotypic taxon in the genus Cynictis.
Taxonomy
Herpestes penicillatus was the
scientific name proposed by
Georges Cuvier in 1829 for a mongoose specimen from the Cape.
The generic name
Cynictis was proposed by
William Ogilby in 1833 for a specimen collected in
Kaffraria.
The yellow mongoose is the Monotypic taxon of the genus Cynictis; 12 subspecies have been described, but their status is unclear.
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Grizzled yellow mongoose ( C. p. coombsi)
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Natal yellow mongoose ( C. p. natalensis)
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Southern yellow mongoose ( C. p. penicillata)
Characteristics
In general, the yellow mongoose has lighter highlights on the underbelly and chin, a bushy tail, and a complete lack of sexual dimorphism. Southern yellow mongooses are larger, have yellow or reddish fur, longer fur, and a longer
tail with a characteristic white tip. Northern subspecies tend towards smaller size, grey colouration, a grey or darker grey tip to the tail, and shorter hair more appropriate to the hotter climate.
Behaviour and ecology
The yellow mongoose is primarily
diurnal animal, though
nocturnal activity has been observed. Living in colonies of up to 20 individuals in a permanent
burrow complex, the yellow mongoose will often co-exist with Cape ground squirrels or
and share maintenance of the warren, adding new tunnels and burrows as necessary. The tunnel system has many entrances, nearby which the yellow mongoose makes its latrines.
The yellow mongoose is a carnivore, feeding mostly on , termites, grasshoppers, crickets, , and , but also on rodents, small , , , carrion, , grass, and .
Social structure
The
Presociality of the yellow mongoose is
hierarchy, based around a central breeding pair and their most recent offspring. There are also subadults, the elderly, or adult relatives of the central pair. Male ranges tend to overlap, while females from other dens have contiguous non-overlapping ranges. Every day, the alpha male will mark members of his group with anal gland secretions, and his boundaries with facial and anal secretions, as well as urine. The alpha male also rubs his back against raised objects, leaving behind hair as a visual marker of territory. Other members of the group mark their dens with cheek secretions. A colony can have 20-40 members.
Predators
of the yellow mongoose are birds of prey,
and
. When frightened, the yellow mongoose will growl and secrete from its anal glands. It can also scream, bark, and purr, though these are exceptions, as the yellow mongoose is usually silent, and communicates mood and status through tail movements.
Reproduction
The yellow mongoose's mating season is between July and September, and it gives birth underground between October and December, with no bedding material, in a clean chamber of the
burrow system. Usually, two offspring are produced per pregnancy, and they are
at 10 weeks, reaching adult size after 10 months.
Rabies
There is some concern about the yellow mongoose's role as a natural reservoir of
rabies. Most African wild animals die within several weeks of infection with rabies, but it seems that certain genetic strains of the yellow mongoose can carry it asymptomatically, but infectiously, for years.
Further reading
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N.L. Avenant; J.A.J. Nel: "Comparison of the diet of the yellow mongoose in a coastal and a Karoo area" in South African Journal of Wildlife Research (1992), Volume: 22, p. 89–93.
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O.A.E. Anne Rasa; B.A. Wenhold; P. Howard; A. Marais: "Reproduction in the yellow mongoose revisited" in South African Journal of Zoology (1992), Vol. 27, No. 4, p. 192.
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B.A. Wenhold; O.A.E. Rasa: "Territorial marking in the Yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata: sexual advertisement for subordinates?" in Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde (1994), Vol.59, No.3, p. 129.
